Cowgirl Up Y'all TikTok's hottest comedian Danae Hays is hitting the road for The First Time tour this summer. The Southern star has journeyed on a long road from softball player to comic, and she's not stopped there having branched into the music scene with her satirical southern stylings. Her wealth of material is hilarious and inexhaustible, whether it's learning how to use an excavator from YouTube, or avoiding the Nosey Neighbor, Danae will have you laughing all the way home. It might be your First Time seeing Hays, but it definitely won't be your last! Dates are selling out fast so don't miss out. Hays, born and raised in Alabama, wasn't always a stand-up comedian, at one point her life was taking her in a totally different direction as a realtor. Eventually, she found her way to TikTok and hit the big time. She also has a podcast, The Refined and Rowdy Show that she cohosts with her wife, Mandie.

A champion comic of screen and stage Whenever he has the chance, Ferguson likes to return to his stand-up roots. Let loose from the constraints of network television, Ferguson's random brain is allowed free reign over topics like his former drug addictions, sex and the stars who appear on his show. Ferguson performed his Hot and Grumpy Tour since 2013, which continued through 2014, before handing over the reigns to The Late, Late Show to fellow Brit James Corden in 2015. Don't miss this most excellent stand-up comic live on stage when he performs at near you soon! One of Scotland's best exports (after whisky) One of Scotland's most acclaimed comedians, Craig Ferguson first became known to American audiences as Nigel Wick, Drew Carey's evil boss on The Drew Carey Show. A fixture of the series from 1995, Ferguson won over film audiences four years later with his portrayal of indefatigable hair stylist Crawford Mackenzie in The Big Tease. He became a household name when he took over as host of CBS's Late Late Show in 2005, replacing Craig Kilborn. His show was a noticeably more anarchic and free form version of the standard late night talk show format. In addition he has lent his voice to several top animated movies including How to Train Your Dragon and HTDYD2 as the irrepressible Gobber and Disney Pixar's Brave as a fiesty Celtic clan leader.

You may work with oils or soft pastels, or both. We will explore drawing, composition, anatomy, proportion, value, color and medium application. Emphasis will be on developing form using light and shadow. My step-by-step method will help you simplify the complicated. If you are bewildered by color or are wanting to speed up and become looser in your work, you will definitely benefit from this class. At the end of the first day we will have a short photo session with the model. You can use your digital camera, smart phone or iPad to photograph her. From the many pictures you take, you’ll choose 1 or 2 (depending on how fast you work) to work from during class on the second day. If using a camera or phone to photograph, I prefer you use an ipad for your reference during class, or get a print from you home printer or a nearby drug store. Please bring $15 cash to the class for the model. I do not want you working from your phone. Contact Margaret: 678-520-4151 margaret.dyer@icloud.com https://margaretdyer.com/ Class Schedule First day Working with live model* 10:00 - 11:00 - Demonstration 11:00 -1:00 - Morning session 1:00 - 2:00 - Lunch 2:00 - 4:30 - Afternoon session 4:40 - 5:00 - photo session Following day Working from photos 10:00 - 1:00 - Morning session 1:00 - 2:00 - Lunch 2:00 - 5:00 - Afternoon session Supply List IF PAINTING IN OILS - Easels and tables: Standing easels and individual small tables. (Provided by Forstall Art Center) - Palette: whatever you’re comfortable with--wood, paper, etc. I like working on glass (or plexi if you’re traveling) taped to foamcore. 16x20 is a good size. - 3-5 Centurian oil primed linen canvas panels or stretched: Your choice: 11x14, 12x16, 16x20. - Paints: Transparent Red Oxide, burnt umber, cadmium lemon, alizarin permanent or quinacridone red, ultramarine blue or pthalo blue, titanium white. - Brushes: whatever style you’re comfortable with. I like working with flats with long synthetic flexible bristles, size 4, 8, 12, and a 2" or larger chip brush. - Optional: Pharmaceutical gloves and apron (if you’re anything like me, you’ll have paint all over your hands and clothes). - Gamsol or odorless turpenoid for washing brushes and 2 sealable containers (wide mouth glass jar like a salsa jar, can, etc.) - Viva paper towels - Plastic bags for your trash. IF PAINTING WITH SOFT PASTELS (NOT OIL PASTELS) - Easels and tables: Standing easels and individual small tables. (Provided by Forstall Art Center) - Paper: at least 4 pieces of middle-tone gritty pastel paper. No smaller than 11x14 and no larger than 18x24. Your choice of paper: Sennelier La Carte, Art Spectrum, U-Art (you’ll have to tone U-Art), PastelBord or similar substrates. - Compressed charcoal or dark NuPastel. - Backboard and clips. - Soft Pastels - Preferably 60 or more (Sennelier, Schmincke, Unison, Art Spectrum, Terry Ludwig,Richeson, Grumbacher, etc.). - Optional: Pharmaceutical gloves and apron. FOR PHOTO SHOOT ON 1st DAY Camera, ipad or phone with camera: We will photograph the model at the end of the first day and work from our photos the second day. You may use your phone for the photo shoot, but not for your reference. Use your tablet for your reference while painting. If you don’t have an ipad, you can work from a printout. You can get a printout from a local drug store or your desktop printer at home. Level 1: Beginner This class is appropriate for beginner to advanced painters. Covers the basic techniques of the medium and offers individual assistance. No prior experience is required. UPDATED CANCELLATION POLICY: Cancellations made 14 days or more in advance of the workshop will receive a refund equal to 50% of the cost of the class. Cancellations made within 14 days of the event will not receive a refund. This will help ensure that the instructor will be paid for their time and effort of teaching the workshop.

AEIVA presents a mid-career survey exhibition by internationally acclaimed Nigerian-American artist Odili Donald Odita. Odita is an abstract painter whose work explores color in both the figurative historical context and in the sociopolitical sense. Most of Odita’s work is inspired by the vibrant textiles of his home country Nigeria, mixed with patterns from Western modernity.

Manjari Sharma is a Mumbai-born, LA-based artist exploring ritual, identity, memory, and mythology. Sharma’s 2023 exhibition Expanding Darshan, which combined the diverse historic collections of the Birmingham Museum of Art and the artist’s ongoing Darshan series, a photographic re-imagining of Hindu deities, received wide critical acclaim. In 2024, Sharma will create a two-part collaborative exhibition between AEIVA and UAB’s Arts in Medicine. While one exhibit follows her family’s decade-long battle with Frontotemporal Dementia, the other is a speculative fiction-based project that collages spiritual concepts of the Hindu rituals of death and the afterlife with mankind’s scientific curiosity and exploration of the Universe. These two exhibitions will open at AEIVA and UAB’s Brain Aging and Memory Clinic in 2024.

Sharma’s work can be found in the New York Times, Vice Magazine, The Wall Street Journal, the Los Angeles Times, HuffPost, and NPR, to name a few, and projects have been published and exhibited in galleries, museums, and festivals worldwide. Sharma is a proud recipient of the prestigious Pollock-Krasner Foundation Grant (2024), and her works are in the permanent collections of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, the Carlos Museum, and the Birmingham Museum of Art.

Outside Lines explores the dynamic relationship between color and line in works from AEIVA’s permanent collection ranging from the 1950s to 2020. Bringing together works highlighting the visual and optical effects of color, as well as color’s ability to convey meaning, the exhibition challenges the supremacy of line and likeness, and celebrates color’s associations with the everyday, from popular culture and mass media to femininity and kitsch.
Artists included are Joseph Albers, Willie Cole, William Cushner, Tomory Dodge, Howard Finster, Sam Gilliam, Peter Halley, Pamela Jorden, Sharon Louden, Sally Mann, Jiha Moon, Odili Donald Odita, Sheila Mae Pinkel, Letitia Quesenberry, Sonja Rieger, Bob Thompson, and Juan Uslé.

Join us Friday, December 6th from 6pm - 9pm for MAKEbhm's Holiday Open House + Makers Maker, a celebration of artistic expression, community collaboration, and the spirit of creativity. This exclusive event provides the public with a unique opportunity to explore MAKEbhm and meet talented makers. We’ll have 30+ Makers, music, & treats.

The event is free and open to the public, making it the perfect opportunity to find unique, locally crafted gifts, sign up for MAKEbhm classes, and to connect with the creators behind the products.

Event Details:

Date: Friday December 6th

Time: 6:00 PM - 9 PM

Location: MAKEbhm, 4000 3rd Ave S, Birmingham, AL

Come join storyteller Dolores Hydock and musical master Bobby Horton for a blend of holiday stories, Christmas songs, and jolly sing-alongs to help jump-start your holiday season. The stories are different every year, the unusual Christmas tunes are hand-picked by Bobby, and the sing-alongs are familiar -- it's always a heart-warming and heartfelt evening. This song-and-story concert has been a Homewood Public Library tradition since 2014. Tickets are $25 and go on sale November 1 at homewoodpubliclibrary.org/jatw.

Magic City Performing Arts presents Magic City Nutcracker

The Virginia Samford Theatre (VST) is excited to present Little Women: The Broadway Musical, running December 5-15. Based on Louisa May Alcott’s beloved American classic, this high-energy, heartwarming production celebrates the timeless story of the March sisters—Jo, Meg, Beth, and Amy—capturing their journey of love, personal growth, and family through the lens of the Civil War era. Featuring Birmingham's own Hannah Kuykendall as Jo March, this female-led cast and crew promises to be the perfect holiday gift for families. Little Women is a musical for all ages, delivering a powerful message of empowerment, resilience, and the enduring strength of sisterhood.

Truman Capote's A Christmas Memory
December 5-15, 2024

This is going to be good one... we have worked with the Truman Capote Literary Trust and obtained performance rights to perform an original version of thie Christmas Classic.  Taken directly from the Truman Capote short story, this will be a version you have never seen. It takes the short story and brings it to life for a special Christmas present for all of us.

Usher in the holiday season with music, merriment, and togetherness! With showstopping dance numbers and beautiful solo moments alike, all the different facets of this time of year get their moment in the spotlight. Our cast of over 75 performers -- Birmingham's best professional talent and our young Performing Ensembles and Conservatory members -- bring the jingle and the joy. It's an extravaganza perfect for the whole family!

Join us for a fun, festive, family-friendly morning with food & drinks from Red Diamond’s “sweet ride”, fun kid’s activities, visit from Santa, entertainment, holiday costume contests, and more! Dogs on leashes, strollers, and wheelchairs are welcome. Prizes and awards for top finishers, top fundraising teams, and costume contest winners. There is a 5k timed, 5K untimed, or 1 mile fun run route, and virtual jingler.

Your fundraising efforts are fueling the fight to conquer arthritis. With every step, we're funding critical research for treatments and a cure, as well as supporting life-changing resources and programs. Don't miss out on this special occasion to make a real difference while celebrating four decades of impact with the Jingle Bell Run. Let's lace up, hit the pavement, and jingle our way toward victory over arthritis!

Birmingham Full Figured Fashion Week and Plus Life by La\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'Toya Nicole LLC presents,

\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"Candy WonderLand Christmas Trade Show.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"

Free Entry Admission

https://ticketstripe.com/events/7691106068952839

Come and enjoy all of the holiday festivities BFFFW Style as you prepare for the Christmas Holiday Season. Fashion Shows 💃🏾👠, Delicious treats 🧁🍪🍬🍭, beautiful pieces from boutiques👛, fun games, makeup classes 💄💋 and outstanding merchandise by our vendors 💎 will all be on deck as you come out and enjoy yourself at our tradeshow. Live Entertainment 🎶 will occur as you shop until you drop🛍 We are hoping that you will participate in our DIY (Do It Yourself) Christmas Ornament and Christmas Candy Decoration Classes presented by some Phenomenal Instructors as you learn how to craft your favorite Christmas Decor to help bring more beautiful pizazz to your beautiful home. Munch on some delicious treats and sip away on some mouthwatering beverages during your class session or sessions. You can take more than one class if you choose too. We hope that you do! 😉

Also, we will have a Free Gingerbread House Contest for the youth and teens and free Christmas Coloring Books and Activity Tables for the young ones while parents and guardians enjoy all that this event has to offer. Free Door Prizes, Samples, Giveaways, and more will all occur at our BFFFW Candy WonderLand Christmas Trade Show. Fore vending opportunities and more information, contact us at 205-810-1104 or Birminghamfffweek@gmail.com.

Birmingham Full Figured Fashion Week and Plus Life by La\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'Toya Nicole LLC  schedule ⬇️

$50 Vendors Fee (per vendor). Are you a vendor looking to expand your clientele and expand your network of shoppers? Well, look no further! Birmingham Full Figured Fashion Week and our events are the place for you. Take advantage of this great holiday event by investing in yourself and allow us to help you grow your shopping clientele by introducing you to our audience. Vendors will be provided with a table and 2 chairs. Vendors are allowed to bring one assistant with them.

$25 Sip N\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\' Dip Christmas Ornament Painting Class by Terri Pollard of TerriCherri Unique Boutique - 11 a.m.

This Class will be done Sip N\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\' Paint Style by Business Owner & Art Instructor Terri Pollard. An Ornament Making Kit, Paint and Supplies, Disposal Apron, tasty beverage to sip on, and delicious snacks will be provided to our participants. You may take home your creation at the end of the session. This class must be paid for in full at registration. No refunds are granted. Half of the proceeds from this class will go towards our Birmingham Full Figured Fashion Week Scholarship Fund.

$25 Christmas Turtle Candy Making Class by Marilyn Fletcher - 12:15 p.m.

Christmas Time presents so many wonder things to do, and delicious treats to make. Register now for our delicious Christmas Turtle Candy Making Class. Participants will be provided with all of the ingredients to make these delicious treats to satisfy your sweet tooth. You may take home your creation at the end of the session. This class must be paid for in full at registration. No refunds are granted. Half of the proceeds from this class will go towards our Birmingham Full Figured Fashion Week Scholarship Fund.

$25 Christmas Ornament Stuffer Class by Terri Pollard of TerriCherri Unique Boutique - 1:15 p.m.

Stuff your Christmas Ornament with beautiful and unique Christmas Decor. This class will be taught by Business Owner & Art Instructor Terri Pollard. An Ornament Making Kit, Candy, Toys, Christmas Decor, Disposal Apron, tasty beverage to sip on, and delicious snacks will be provided to our participants. You may take home your creation at the end of the session. This class must be paid for in full at registration. No refunds are granted. Half of the proceeds from this class will go towards our Birmingham Full Figured Fashion Week Scholarship Fund.

$25 Holiday Glamour Lips Class by La\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'Toya Nicole The Face Slayer - 2:00 p.m.

Looking for a creative and fun way to take your makeup to the next level? Well register now for Holiday Glamour Lips Class with La\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'Toya Nicole The Face Slayer. You know that Christmas Time is all about celebrations and you want to arrive to those Christmas Work Parties, Charity Balls, Ugly Christmas Sweater Parties, and Holiday Festivities looking your absolute best Baby! This hands-on class will teach you how to make your lips sparkle and bling on the scene. A Glitter Lip Kit will be provided to participants. This class must be paid in full to register. No refunds for this session. Half of the proceeds will go towards the 2025 Birmingham Full Figured Fashion Week Academic Scholarship Fund.

$35 Large Christmas Ornament Making Class by Terri Pollard of TerriCherri Unique Boutique - 2:30 p.m.(This Class is Limited to 10 participants! So Register Early for a spot)

The Bigger The Better! Saving The Best For Last! Create The Ultimate Christmas Ornament of your dreams with this class taught by Business Owner and Art Instructor, Terri Pollard. An Ornament Making Kit, Candy, Christmas Decor, Disposal Apron, tasty beverage to sip on, and delicious snacks will be provided to our participants. You may take home your creation at the end of the session. This class must be paid for in full at registration. No refunds are granted. Half of the proceeds from this class will go towards our Birmingham Full Figured Fashion Week Scholarship Fund.

$35 - Christmas Wreath and Christmas Bows Making Class taught by Kim Walker - 2:30 p.m.

Make your own unique Christmas Wreath and beautiful Christmas Bows for the holidays in this class taught by Business Owner and Visionary, Kim Walker. Supplies will be provided, tasty beverage to sip on, and delicious snacks will be provided to our participants. You may take home your creation at the end of the session. This class must be paid for in full at registration. No refunds are granted. Half of the proceeds from this class will go towards our Birmingham Full Figured Fashion Week Scholarship Fund.

Event & Classes will be located at Gift of Love Banquet Hall located at 1343 Bessemer Road, Birmingham, AL 35208. This event center is located in the same parking lot and next door to Family Dollar.

#BirminghamFullFiguredFashionWeek #bfffw #latoyanicole #latoyanicolethemodel #Fashion #Christmas #TradeShow #vendors #christmasshopping #shopping

Join us for our CahaBAZAAR Holiday Market on Saturday, December 7th! 
Get all your holiday shopping done in one trip and shop 150+ local artists and makers while supporting local businesses and enjoying food, craft beer, specialty cocktails, live music, and more! 
EVENT ADMISSION IS FREE! Family + pet friendly.

This year we will feature the Children's Entrepreneur Market with over 50 children entrepreneurs set up and ready to sell!

𝗙𝗢𝗢𝗗 𝗧𝗥𝗨𝗖𝗞𝗦The Current, 11 - 10Saw's Street Kitchen, 12 - 5Uncle G's Pizza, 12 - 5
𝗟𝗜𝗩𝗘 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖 Cody Bartels + Sean Peabody, 12 - 3Lucie Tiger, 12 - 2Kit + Char, 2:30 - 4:30Wesley Hill, 3:30 - 5:30

Explore the world of bespoke luxury with designer Tessa Ward at her exclusive Pillow Talk Pop-Up! Known for her vibrant, one-of-a-kind creations, Tessa is a self-taught artist who turned her passion for bold, luxury textiles into a brand that transforms interiors. After years of working in interior design, she founded her own business to bring her unique vision to life, and in 2022 began handcrafting custom pillows made only from designer-label fabrics.

These pillows will give your home that touch of luxury that you’ve been craving, and we hope you’re ready for the conversations—because these pillows are going to start them! At Pillow Talk, you won’t find materials from just any craft store; each pillow is a meticulously crafted piece using high-end fabrics that add elegance and personality to any space. Tessa’s work has captured attention across the Southeast, earning features in publications like VoyageATL, Shout Out Atlanta, and Canvas Rebel Magazine.

Don’t miss this chance to meet Tessa, see her collection in person, and bring home a comfortable and functional piece of art. This pop-up is the perfect opportunity to add something truly distinctive to your home decor!

Ground Floor Contemporary is thrilled to present In the Wind, an exhibition of new works by Catharine Friend, Jane Marshall, and Elisabeth Pellathy.

Catharine Friend is a painter working in a range of styles and genres, such as figurative, landscape, and abstraction. Friend received a BA from Agnes Scott College in Decatur, Georgia, where she studied French and Art History and began painting full-time in 2001 after retiring from non-profit work. She paints and studies art extensively while working in her studio, taking workshops, and collaborating with fellow artists. Friend lives and works in Birmingham and Fairhope, Alabama.

Jane Marshall is an artist in active investigations with her immediate surroundings, nature, and environment using the mediums of printmaking, painting, sculpture, and ceramics. Her career spans over four decades and numerous geographic locations. Educated at the University of Wisconsin-Madison with a BA, MS in painting, and MFA in printmaking, she has taught at several universities and colleges and has been awarded many artist residencies throughout her career. Marshall lives and works in Alabama and Michigan.

Elisabeth Pellathy works in a variety of mediums, responding to locations, history, and social context. Pellathy sees physical and digital manipulation of material as parallel processes, and an open dialogue between these realms provides a generative space for her exploration of materiality and process. Often, ecological concerns, or more specifically, issues of disappearance, are themes in her work. Urgency in issues of language, fragility, loss, (in)visibility, tactility, and magnification emerge. Pellathy received her MFA from the Division of Expanded Media at Alfred University School of Art and Design, NYSCC. She works as an Associate Professor of New Media at the University of Alabama at Birmingham.

The dogs are back in town for this ASC favorite holiday production! Join Spike, Fifi, Scotty, and Beauregard on this interactive musical adventure created by local playwright Jerry Sims, as his Dogtown pups learn the true meaning of the holidays. Yuletide in Dogtown is a great performance for everyone – especially kids. Be sure to arrive early for our pre-show activities. What a “pawfect” treat for the holidays!

Usher in the holiday season with music, merriment, and togetherness! With showstopping dance numbers and beautiful solo moments alike, all the different facets of this time of year get their moment in the spotlight. Our cast of over 75 performers -- Birmingham's best professional talent and our young Performing Ensembles and Conservatory members -- bring the jingle and the joy. It's an extravaganza perfect for the whole family!

InToto Arts is so excited for the chance to adorn the walls of Last Call Baking Co with InToto artwork! Please join us for an opening reception on Saturday December 7th from 5-8pm. There will be a little wine on hand and Last Call is providing some of their incredible pastries to enjoy as you peruse original art, cards, and ornaments that will make for some truly meaningful gifts for yourself or a loved one this season! The artwork will remain on display and available for purchase through the new year during Last Call's normal business hours.
InToto's artists are Birmingham locals who are coping with some difficult life circumstances like homelessness, mental illness, and disabilities. InToto partners with local organizations to provide year-around multidisciplinary arts programming that brings hope, community, and expression to their clients. InToto artists receive 80% of sales of their artwork!

Thank you so much to Last Call hosting us! We love supporting businesses that give back to their communities, and this James Beard Awarded small business is one of our absolute favorites. If you haven't experienced the homemade pastries, pies, biscuits and tarts coming out of this adorable bakery, please don't deprive yourself any longer! What an absolute gem for Birmingham!

Usher in the holiday season with music, merriment, and togetherness! With showstopping dance numbers and beautiful solo moments alike, all the different facets of this time of year get their moment in the spotlight. Our cast of over 75 performers -- Birmingham's best professional talent and our young Performing Ensembles and Conservatory members -- bring the jingle and the joy. It's an extravaganza perfect for the whole family!

Drag Night at The Nick

Usher in the holiday season with music, merriment, and togetherness! With showstopping dance numbers and beautiful solo moments alike, all the different facets of this time of year get their moment in the spotlight. Our cast of over 75 performers -- Birmingham's best professional talent and our young Performing Ensembles and Conservatory members -- bring the jingle and the joy. It's an extravaganza perfect for the whole family!

Enjoy an evening of music, facepainting, food trucks, photo booths and much more. The Birmingham Public Library will have a crafting table ready for children, and special characters will be on hand to greet guests.
Presented by the City of Bham, the Bham City Council, REV Bham, Coca Cola United and CAP.

A Taste of Ireland

(4th-12th Grade) Young artists are welcome to join us and Kane Bourgeois for art classes. Learn some basics, some tips and tricks, and have fun doing it! All supplies provided, but you are more than welcome to bring any sketchbook or drawing supplies you may use, or a digital drawing interface. Register for each session online at homewoodpubliclibrary.org.

Join Sloss Metal Arts as we celebrate the newly completed work by our recent Visiting Artist in Residence, Elli Fotopoulou. The reception will be held at The 600 Apartments from 5:00-7:00PM. This event is free and open to the public, but please RSVP to receive the building access code!

About Elli:

Elli Fotopoulou is a visual artist born and raised in Athens, Greece. Coming from a family of musicians, she has received classical musical training in cello and music theory since early childhood. Elli earned her BFA in Sculpture from the Athens School of Fine Arts in 2020 and her MFA in Sculpture from the Yale School of Art in 2024. She is also trained in pedagogy, marble sculpting, molding, metal casting, and

photography.

Her work centers on notions of space, human proximity, and connection, often using unconventional materials such as animal bones, plants, metal, and sound to explore the dynamics of interaction and perception. She creates immersive installations that encourage audience participation, blurring the boundaries between the physical, auditory, and emotional realms. Elli's interdisciplinary approach reflects her neurodivergent experience, challenging traditional boundaries in sculpture and sound. She has exhibited internationally and has participated in various residencies and collaborative projects, continually pushing the limits of her sculptural practice. In her most current work, she has been exploring sonic and audible sculpture installations and sound objects/instruments.

Usher in the holiday season with music, merriment, and togetherness! With showstopping dance numbers and beautiful solo moments alike, all the different facets of this time of year get their moment in the spotlight. Our cast of over 75 performers -- Birmingham's best professional talent and our young Performing Ensembles and Conservatory members -- bring the jingle and the joy. It's an extravaganza perfect for the whole family!

The Samford University Legacy League is a philanthropic organization dedicated to making a difference in the lives of students through needs based scholarships. Tour proceeds provide scholarships for students who have faced challenges including homelessness, inner city violence, the disability or death of a parent, foster care, parental job loss abandonment, and parental incarceration.